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Prepare CWAP-404 Exam Questions [2024] Recently Updated Questions
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which statement accurately describes IEEE 802.11 Power Save operation in a Basic Service Set that does not support the QoS facility?
- A. After waking from a low power state, client stations listen for the next Beacon to determine if sending a PS-Poll frame to the access point is necessary.
- B. After waking at a scheduled TBTT, client stations send Null Function frames to the access point with the Power Management bit set back to zero.
- C. Upon receiving traffic for a dozing station, the access point wakes the client station using a PS- Poll frame so that the client station can receive the data.
- D. Following a period of time in a low power state, client stations wake themselves and automatically poll the access point for traffic using a PS-Poll frame.
- E. When the access point's buffer is full, the access point wakes all client stations using a PS-Poll frame so that they can receive the data.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 54
Which one of the these is the most important in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed?
- A. Talk to the end users about their experiences
- B. Observe the problem
- C. Obtain detailed knowledge of the wireless vendors debug and logging options
- D. Interview the network manager about the issues being experienced
Answer: B
Explanation:
Observing the problem is the most important step in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed. This step involves capturing and analyzing the relevant data from the wireless network, such as packets, frames, spectrum, and performance metrics. Observing the problem helps to verify the existence and scope of the issue, identify the root cause and possible solutions, and validate the results of any actions taken. The other steps are also important, but they are not as critical as observing the problem.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Shown is a screenshot of a wireless protocol analyzer displaying the decode information for a single 802.11 encrypted data + CF-Poll frame. The infrastructure BSS on which this information was captured is using WEP and this particular frame was sent from a client station (STA) to an access point (AP).
As a protocol analyst, how would you explain the existence of this frame on the wireless medium given the information in the decode?
- A. The IEEE 802.11 network is using both version 1 and version 2 protocols simultaneously. This unexpected frame is from the version 2 protocol set.
- B. The frame was sent by a client station that does not comply with IEEE HR/DSSS standard to an access point that is Wi-Fi certified.
- C. The access point is operating as a repeater, and clients must poll repeater access points in order to transmit data frames through them.
- D. The frame was misinterpreted because of insufficient information received by the analyzer due to frame corruption.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 56
Given: Protocol analyzer often have useful graphical dashboards providing information about the health and operations of the WLAN.
What is a valid use of a graph showing the Top APs Based on Active Associations?
- A. Ensuring compliance with corporate security policies
- B. Discovering the total number of client STAs on your network
- C. Locating overloaded APs
- D. Evaluating the capacity handling on a specific channel
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 57
When configuring a long term, forensic packet capture and saving all packets to disk which of the following is not a consideration?
- A. Analyzer location
- B. Total capture storage space
- C. Real-time packet decodes
- D. Individual trace file size
Answer: C
Explanation:
Real-time packet decodes are not a consideration when configuring a long-term, forensic packet capture and saving all packets to disk. Real-time packet decodes are useful for live analysis and troubleshooting, but they consume CPU and memory resources that could affect the performance of the capture process. For a long-term, forensic packet capture, it is more important to consider the analyzer location, the total capture storage space, and the individual trace file size. These factors affect the quality and quantity of the captured packets and the ease of post-capture analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 58
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?
- A. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame
- B. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
- C. In the MBR Action frame
- D. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation. The Supported Rates andExtended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124
NEW QUESTION # 59
What is used to respond with an uplink transmission to an MU-RTS trigger frame in the 802.11ax PHY?
- A. HE MU PPDU
- B. HE TB PPDU
- C. HE SU PPDU
- D. VHT PPDU
Answer: B
Explanation:
An HE TB PPDU (High Efficiency Trigger-Based Packet Data Unit) is used to respond with an uplink transmission to an MU-RTS trigger frame in the 802.11ax PHY (Physical Layer). An MU- RTS trigger frame is a frame that initiates a multi-user transmission opportunity (MU-TXOP) by requesting multiple stations (STAs) to send clear-to-send (CTS) frames on different spatial streams or resource units (RUs). An HE TB PPDU is a frame that contains data from multiple STAs that have been allocated RUs by an MU-RTS trigger frame or another type of trigger frame.
An HE SU PPDU (High Efficiency Single User Packet Data Unit) is a frame that contains data from a single STA using all available spatial streams or RUs. An HE MU PPDU (High Efficiency Multi User Packet Data Unit) is a frame that contains data from multiple STAs using different spatial streams or RUs without being triggered by another frame. A VHT PPDU (Very High Throughput Packet Data Unit) is a frame that uses the 802.11ac PHY and does not support multi- user transmissions.
NEW QUESTION # 60
The IEEE 802.11 Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) service is capable of performing what functions? (Choose 2)
- A. Using modulation switching techniques to avoid interfering with radar systems
- B. Testing channels for radar before using a channel and while operating in a channel
- C. Suspending operations on a channel with high IEEE 802.11 co-channel interference
- D. Establishing an interference baseline on all 2.4 GHz channels
- E. Requesting and reporting of measurements in the current and other channels
Answer: B,E
NEW QUESTION # 61
Why would a STA that supports 802.11k Radio Measurement send a Neighbor Request to an AP?
- A. To learn about neighboring interference sources and tune its RF radio accordingly
- B. To inform the current AP about the STA's intent to roam to a neighboring AP, ensuring a seamless handover
- C. To request a list of neighboring APs which the STA can use as roaming candidates
- D. To request a list of neighboring STAs which enables the STA to better pick the right protection mechanisms
Answer: C
Explanation:
A STA that supports 802.11k Radio Measurement would send a Neighbor Request to an AP to request a list of neighboring APs which the STA can use as roaming candidates. A Neighbor Request is an Action frame that contains a subelement specifying the type of information that the STA wants to receive from the AP. A Neighbor Report is an Action frame that contains a subelement with a list of neighboring APs that match the criteria specified in the Neighbor Request. The Neighbor Report provides information such as BSSID, channel, operating class, and PHY type of each neighboring AP. This information helps the STA to perform intelligent roaming decisions based on signal quality, load, and compatibility.
NEW QUESTION # 62
You have implemented centralized, infrastructure-based spectrum analysis.
The Aps are configured to perform spectrum analysis in an ad-hoc manner and will go offline as Aps to perform this duty when needed.
What unique method of spectrum analysis monitoring is provided by this solution that is not typically available in a laptop-based analyzer?
- A. Web-based viewing
- B. Band selection
- C. RBW adjustments
- D. Real-time FFT
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 63
When an originator QoS STA initiates a BlockAck agreement with a recipient QoS STA, what is the first frame sent by the originator?
- A. BlockAckReq
- B. BlockAckPolicyReq
- C. ADDBA Request
- D. BlockAckSetupReq
- E. ActionBAReq
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 64
ABC Company is having VoWiFi latency problems on their 802.11g WLAN. A wireless administrator has noticed in the phone's client utilities software that the MAC CRC Error count is higher on stations with problems than on those client stations without problems.
A high MAC CRC Error count is attributable to which of the following? (Choose 3)
- A. 2.4 GHz ISM band interference from sources such as wireless video cameras and analog phones
- B. Dynamic Rate Switching algorithms that decrease data rates for latency-sensitive applications
- C. High collision rates due to dense population of voice stations and no admission control
- D. Co-located DCF and EDCA access points that are using non-overlapping 2.4 GHz channels
- E. High multipath conditions due to an RF environment with highly reflective materials
- F. Two access points with overlapping coverage on a single channel
Answer: A,C,E
NEW QUESTION # 65
What is the function of the PHY layer?
- A. Convert PPDUs to PSDUs for transmissions and PSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
- B. Convert PPDUs to MSDUs for transmissions and MSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
- C. Convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions
- D. Convert MSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to MSDUs for receptions
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The function of the PHY layer is to convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions. A PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) is the data unit that is passed from the MAC layer to the PHY layer for transmission, or from the PHY layer to the MAC layer for reception. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate.
The PHY layer adds or removes the PHY header to or from the PSDU during the conversion process. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 66
What is the Extended IFS used in 802.11 contention?
- A. When the higher data rates are used and you want the fastest medium access times
- B. When a frame reception begins but the received frame is incomplete or corrupted based on the FCS
- C. When the lower data rates are used and you want the fastest medium access times
- D. When 802.11ac must coexist with 802.11n
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 67
IEEE 802.11-2007 specifies two ERP protection mechanisms: RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self.
Which statement is true regarding these two protection mechanisms? (Choose 2)
- A. A CTS-to-Self frame sent by a client station may reach fewer nodes than the RTS/CTS frame exchange.
- B. RTS and CTS frames are relayed through the access point, whereas the CTS-to-Self frames are not.
- C. RTS and CTS frames use Short Interframe Spaces (SIFS), and CTS-to-Self frames use PCF Interframe Spaces (PIFS).
- D. By definition, all associated client stations in a BSS can hear RTS, CTS, and CTS-to-Self frames, so RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self mechanisms have equal effectiveness.
- E. Use of RTS/CTS requires more overhead than CTS-to-Self due to a higher number of frames transmitted onto the wireless medium.
- F. Aside from the Subtype subfield of the Frame Control field, the generic MAC header format of RTS and CTS frames are identical.
Answer: A,E
NEW QUESTION # 68
Recently, three rogue APs have been connected to the network and later discovered. You want to prevent future rogue AP installations as much as possible.
What is the first step to eliminating or reducing rogue APs on the network?
- A. Enable rogue detection in the existing authorized APs
- B. Define a direct policy that stipulates the ramifications of installing unauthorized devices
- C. Use IPSec between every AP and the network infrastructure
- D. Create a hash of the MAC addresses of all authorized devices and continually scan for non- matching hashes
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 69
Which one of the following is not a valid acknowledgment frame?
- A. Block Ack
- B. RTS
- C. CTS
- D. Ack
Answer: B
Explanation:
RTS is not a valid acknowledgement frame. RTS stands for Request To Send, and it is a control frame that is used to initiate an RTS/CTS exchange before sending a data frame. The purpose of an RTS/CTS exchange is to reserve the medium for a data transmission and avoid collisions with hidden nodes. An acknowledgement frame is a control frame that is used to confirm the successful reception of a data frame or a block of data frames. The valid acknowledgement frames are CTS (Clear To Send), Ack (Acknowledgement), and Block Ack (Block Acknowledgement).
NEW QUESTION # 70
You have installed a new 802.11ac WLAN configured with 80 MHz channels. Users in one area are complaining about poor performance. This area is currently served by a single AP. You take a spectrum analysis capture in the poor performing area. While examining the waterfall plot you notice the airtime utilization is higher on the first 20 MHz of the 80 MHz channel when compared to the rest of the channel. What do you conclude?
- A. RRM is enabled and has dynamically picked a 20 MHz channel
- B. Non Wi-Fi interference is preventing the APs 80 MHz operation
- C. The first 20 MHz is the AP's primary channel and higher airtime utilization on the primary channel is normal when an AP Is configured for 80 MHz operation
- D. The AP is misconfigured and needs to be reconfigured to 80MHz operation
Answer: B
Explanation:
The most likely cause of higher airtime utilization on the first 20 MHz of the 80 MHz channel is non- Wi-Fi interference. Non-Wi-Fi interference can prevent an AP from using its full channel width, as it will degrade the signal quality and increase the noise floor on some parts of the channel. This will force the AP to fall back to a narrower channel width, such as 20 MHz or 40 MHz, to maintain communication with its clients. The waterfall plot can help identify non-Wi-Fi interference by showing spikes or bursts of RF energy on specific frequencies or sub-channels.
The other options are not correct, as they do not explain why only the first 20 MHz of the channel has higher airtime utilization.
NEW QUESTION # 71
You are analyzing a problem with a specific client adapter.
The vendor specifications sheet does not provide detailed information.
What tool can you use to provide the most detailed specification information in many such cases?
- A. Wi-Fi finder
- B. Spectrum analyzer
- C. FCC ID Search
- D. WLAN controller
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 72
The network administrator at ABC Engineering has taken a large packet capture from one of their APs running in monitor mode. She has very little knowledge of 802.11 protocols but would like to use the capture file to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network. When she asks your advice, which tool do you recommend she opens the packet capture file with?
- A. Spectrum analyzer
- B. WLAN scanner
- C. Capture visualization tool
- D. Python
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A capture visualization tool is a software application that can open a packet capture file and display various graphs, charts, tables, and statistics that illustrate the characteristics and behavior of the wireless network. A capture visualization tool can help a network administrator with little knowledge of 802.11 protocols to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network by providing a visual and intuitive representation of the captured data. A spectrum analyzer is a hardware device that measures the radio frequency signals in a given frequency range and displays their amplitude, frequency, and modulation. A spectrum analyzer can help identify sources of interference and noise in the wireless environment, but it cannot open a packet capture file. Python is a programming language that can be used to write scripts or applications that manipulate or analyze packet capture files, but it requires coding skills and knowledge of
802.11 protocols. A WLAN scanner is a software application that scans for available wireless networks and displays information such as SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security type, and vendor. A WLAN scanner can help discover wireless networks and their basic parameters, but it cannot open a packet capture file345 References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 63
CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 2.5: Use capture visualization tools
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Spectrum Analysis and Troubleshooting, page 117 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 4.1: Use spectrum analysis tools CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 33 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
NEW QUESTION # 73
What action is taken automatically by 802.11 APs and client STAs as the signal strength of the link weakens in order to improve the quality of the RF communications overall?
- A. Data rates are reduced
- B. Output power is increased
- C. RSSI is increased
- D. Antenna gain is increased
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 74
Given the frame capture and the decode shown,
after which Beacons in the list shown (as indicated by the frame number in the leftmost column) would multicast traffic have been sent in this infrastructure BSS if multicast traffic had been queued for transmission at the access point? (Choose 2)
- A. frame number 57
- B. frame number 55
- C. frame number 53
- D. frame number 54
- E. Framenumber 49
- F. frame number 50
- G. frame number 51
Answer: B,G
NEW QUESTION # 75
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